Manual Testing Topics and Materials:
Class : 1
- Introduction:
- Software:
- It is a set or
instructions or programs grouped to Performa specific task for the end
user.
- It is
categorized into 2:
- System
software:
- It is Also
called as operating system software, which works as an interface between
the application and the hardware components.
- It sets a
platform to work with any application software.
- Ex: windows, Linux,
UNIX, Solaris
- B) Application
software:
- Which is
developed to work as an interface between the end user and the database.
- m
- Ex: ms office,
google, gmail, hotmail, calculator....
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Testing:
- It is the
process of identifying the defects in the software system constructed.
- Or
- It is a
verification and validation process to ensure the completeness and
correctness of the system.
- Or
- It is the
process of identifying the unidentified defects the system.
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Manual testing:
- Human
interacting with the developed system to check it's completeness and
correctness is called as manual testing.
- Defect:
- Is considered
as deviation from the expectation (customer requirements)
- Any defect
identified should be reported to the development team for it's
rectification.
- Benefits of
testing:
- Will improve
the quality of the software that is constructed.
- Will improve
the customer satisfaction
- Will reduce the
cost and efforts .
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Testing
objective:
- The objective
of testing is to identify the defects in the software system constructed.
- Quality:
- A software
application which is relatively maximum bug free and which is developed in
the specified time and cost limits and meets the customer expectations,
then that software is called as a quality software.
- The factors
affecting the quality are;
- meeting the
customer requirements or expectation
- time
- budget/cost
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Software
engineering:
- It is the
process of developing/constructing a software application by
implementing/following different stages is collectively called as software
engineering.
- Software
development life cycle( SDLC ):
- It is the
collection of various stages in implementing a software application.
- It is otherwise
called as a general model, which is a
- Combination of
6 stages:
- Requirement
collection:
- It is Also
called as as requirements gathering, where a group of experts will visit
the customer's site and analyze the business performed and will collect
the documents & requirements.
- People involved
are like project and test analysts or leads
- There can be
two types of requirements collected and documented.
- Business Requirements:
- It is the
collection of all the business processes or business transactions
performed.
- All the high
level activities captured and document along with the business rules
framed by the customer is called as "business requirement specification"(BRS)
- Functional Requirements:
- These are
otherwise called as system or software requirements.
- It is a
detailed document which describes every individual transaction that is documented
in BRS document.
- It is consists
of all the functional and non functional components that are required in
constructing the current system.
- It can be a
combination of flow charts and dataflow diagrams as well as use cases.
- All the above
would help in understanding the requirements better.
- The functional
requirements are inputs for any type of an activity performed in
constructing the system.
- 2.
Feasibility analysis:
- Feasibility: it
is the possibility of implementing/developing the software.
- It is Also
called as business commit, where the customer and the vendor will commit a
business or come to an agreement in constructing the software.
- As part of
business commit, the project managers and the business analyst would be
involved in getting the base requirements of the business performed by the
customer and the project managers would be involved in analyzing the
- Following
things:
- Domain:
- It is the
common set of features or functionalities performed in a business grouped
together is called as a domain
- Ex: banking,
finance, retail, telecom, logistics, health care, stock, networking, web,
investments...
- The study is
made on the business performed by the customer.
- technology:
- A detailed
technical study is made in analyzing the technology required to implement
the software
- Ex: programming
language and database skills
- C,c++,vc++,java,
ejbs, struts, .net, asp, along with sql.....
- resources:
- There are three
kinds of resources:
- I)hardware
resources:
- The system
configurations along with network and server resources, which are required
are analyzed.
- Ii) software
requirements:
- The software
required to implement the application
- Ex: operating
system, database
- Windows,
linux... Oracle, sql server....
- Iii) human
resources:
- The man power
required to implement the software is also analyzed with the sufficient
experience and the technical skills.
- time and
budget:
- The total time
and the amount of cost that would be incurred in implementing the
software.
- All the above
are analyzed and documented which are considered as project proposals or
estimates and would be sent to the customer for evaluation.
- If customer
approves the proposal, then business commit is considered to be completed
and the implementation phase will be started.
- Design:
- Designing the architecture
as well as the interfaces and database is called as design.
- This is carried
by the design architects, which is done in 2 phases after the requirement
collection.
- HLD ( high
level design ) :
- It is Also
called as architectural design, where the complete application or system architecture
is designed.
- LLD ( low
level design ) :
- It is Also
called as detailed design, where both the interface(user interface), as well
as the database components are designed.
- As part of the
interface, the components or the unit in a screen or a page are designed.
- As part of back
end, the tables required, data types, constraints and relations between
the tables are designed.
- Coding:
- It is Also
called as implementation phase where the set of instructions or source
code is developed based on the requirements and the design documents.
- This is where
the static application is converted to dynamic, it is responsibility of a
programmer to develop the logic(source code)
- Testing:
- After the
application is constructed, it should be validated for it's completeness
and correctness, and the process of doing it is called as testing, where a
test engineer, developers, clients, third party people are involved.
- Release and
maintenance:
- Release:
- Is the process
of delivering the software constructed and tested to the customer by the
vendor for further usage is called as release
- This is otherwise
called as go-live or production.
- Maintenance:
- It is the
support that is extended by the vendor's team, in helping the customer if
customer faces any challenges in accessing the software for a specific
time frame as per the
- Initial
agreement is called as maintenance.
- Cost of defect
repair graph:
- The cost of
fixing the defects will be increased stage by stage, if they are
identified early the cost is minimal.
No comments:
Post a Comment