Framework made easy – KeyWord
driven
Frameworks help to structure
our code and make maintenance easy. Without frameworks we will place all our
code and data in same place which is neither re-usable nor readable. Using
Frameworks, produce beneficial outcomes like increase code re-usage , higher
portability , reduced script maintenance cost etc
There are mainly three type of frameworks created by Selenium
WebDriver to automate manual testcases
·
Data Driven Test Framework
·
Keyword Driven Test Framework
·
Hybrid Test Framework
Keyword
Driven Test Framework:
What is Keyword Driven Framework?
Keyword
Driven Framework is a type of Functional Automation Testing Framework which
is also known as Table-Driven testing or Action Word based testing.
The basic working of the Keyword Driven Framework is to divide the
Test Case in to four different parts. First is called as Keyword, second is Object of Test
Step, third is objectType on Test
Object and fourth is Value for
Test Object.
The above categorization can be done and
maintained with the help of Excel spread sheet:
Keyword: It
is a scenario which we need to set text or Click link or button.
Ex: if
my scenario is navigate to certain URL then my keyword will be like: GOTOURL
If my
Scenario is enter some data in text box then Keyword is: SETTEXT.
The keyword is our own imagination, it’s not
mandatory to choose the particular one, but whatever we choose the Keyword we
need the same in Entire framework.
Object: it
is Object repository name
Ex:
username text box properties is id=UserName.
Here,
username=UserName
Username
is nothing but we are specifying own name for Object name given.
UserName
is a property type
ObjectType: It
is the Object name whether it is Id,name,xpath,CSS,etc…
Value: Data can be any value which is needed by the Object to perform any action, like Username value for Username field.
In keyword driven test framework, all the operations and instructions
are written in some external file like excel worksheet. Here is how the
complete framework looks like
As you can see it's a 5 step framework. Let's study it stepwise
in detail
Step 1)
·
The driver script Execute.java will call ReadExcelFile.java
·
ReadExcelFile.java has POI script to read data from an Excel
Step 2)
·
ReadExcelFile.java will read data from TestCase.xlsx
·
Here is how the sheet looks like-
·
According to the keywords written in excel file, the framework
will perform the operation on UI.
·
For example, we need to click a button 'Login'. Correspondingly,
our excel will have a keyword 'Click'. Now the AUT can have hundreds of button
on a page, to identify a Login button, in excel we will input Object Name as
loginButton & object type as name (see highlighted row in above image). The
Object Type could be xpath,name css or any other value
Step 3) ReadExcelFile.java
will pass this data to the driver script Execute.java
Step 4)
·
For all of our UI web elements we need to create an object
repository where we will place their element locator (like xpath, name, css
path ,class name etc.)
·
·
Execute.java (our driver script) will read the entire Object
Repository and store it in a variable
·
To read this object repository we need a ReadObject class which
has a getObjectRepository method to read it.
NOTE: You may think why do we need to create an object
repository. The answer it helps in code maintenance. For example, we are using
the a button with name = btnlogin in 10 different test cases. In future , the
developer decides to change the name from btnlogin to submit. You will have to
make change in all the 10 test cases. In case of an object repository, you will
make change just once in the repository.
Step 5)
·
The driver will pass the data from Excel & Object Repository
to UIOperation class
·
UIOperation class has functions to perfom actions corresponding
to keywords like CLICK, SETTEXT etc… mentioned in the excel
·
UIOperation class is a java class which has the actual
implementation of the code to perform operations on web elements
The complete project will looks like-
Let's look into an example :
Test Scenario
·
We are executing 1 test cases
·
Test Case 1:
- Goto : Your application URL
·
Enter User ID
·
Enter Password
·
Click Reset
object.properties
url=
username=UserName
password=Password
loginButton=btnLogin
ReadExcelFile.java
package com.excelExportAndFileIO;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
public class ReadExcelFile {
public Sheet
readExcel(String filePath,String fileName,String sheetName) throws IOException{
//Create a
object of File class to open xlsx file
File file = new
File(filePath+"\\"+fileName);
//Create an
object of FileInputStream class to read excel file
FileInputStream
inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
Workbook
Workbook = null;
//Find the file
extension by spliting file name in substing and getting only extension name
String
fileExtensionName = fileName.substring(fileName.indexOf("."));
//Check
condition if the file is xlsx file
if(fileExtensionName.equals(".xlsx")){
//If it is xlsx
file then create object of XSSFWorkbook class
Workbook = new
XSSFWorkbook(inputStream);
}
//Check
condition if the file is xls file
else if(fileExtensionName.equals(".xls")){
//If
it is xls file then create object of XSSFWorkbook class
Workbook
= new HSSFWorkbook(inputStream);
}
//Read sheet
inside the workbook by its name
Sheet Sheet = Workbook.getSheet(sheetName);
return Sheet;
}
}
ReadObject.java
package com.operation;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;
public class ReadObject {
Properties p =
new Properties();
public
Properties getObjectRepository() throws IOException{
//Read
object repository file
InputStream
stream = new FileInputStream(new
File("C:\\DatadrivenTest\\Training\\KeywordFW\\src\\com\\objects\\object.properties"));
//load
all objects
p.load(stream);
return p;
}
}
UIOperation.java
package com.operation;
import java.util.Properties;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
public class UIOperation {
WebDriver
driver;
public
UIOperation(WebDriver driver){
this.driver
= driver;
}
public void
perform(Properties p,String operation,String objectName,String
objectType,String value) throws Exception{
System.out.println("");
switch
(operation.toUpperCase()) {
case
"CLICK":
//Perform
click
driver.findElement(this.getObject(p,objectName,objectType)).click();
break;
case
"SETTEXT":
//Set
text on control
driver.findElement(this.getObject(p,objectName,objectType)).sendKeys(value);
break;
case
"GOTOURL":
//Get
url of application
driver.get(p.getProperty(value));
break;
case
"GETTEXT":
//Get
text of an element
driver.findElement(this.getObject(p,objectName,objectType)).getText();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
/**
* Find element BY using object type and value
* @param p
* @param objectName
* @param objectType
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private By
getObject(Properties p,String objectName,String objectType) throws Exception{
//Find
by xpath
if(objectType.equalsIgnoreCase("XPATH")){
return
By.xpath(p.getProperty(objectName));
}
//find
by class
else
if(objectType.equalsIgnoreCase("CLASSNAME")){
return
By.className(p.getProperty(objectName));
}
else
if(objectType.equalsIgnoreCase("ID")){
return
By.className(p.getProperty(objectName));
}
//find
by name
else
if(objectType.equalsIgnoreCase("NAME")){
return
By.name(p.getProperty(objectName));
}
//Find
by css
else
if(objectType.equalsIgnoreCase("CSS")){
return
By.cssSelector(p.getProperty(objectName));
}
//find
by link
else
if(objectType.equalsIgnoreCase("LINK")){
return
By.linkText(p.getProperty(objectName));
}
//find
by partial link
else
if(objectType.equalsIgnoreCase("PARTIALLINK")){
return
By.partialLinkText(p.getProperty(objectName));
}else
{
throw
new Exception("Wrong object type");
}
}
}
LoginTest.java
package com.testCases;
import java.util.Properties;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import com.excelExportAndFileIO.ReadExcelFile;
import com.operation.ReadObject;
import com.operation.UIOperation;
/**
* THIS IS THE EXAMPLE OF
KEYWORD DRIVEN TEST CASE
*
*/
public class LoginTest {
@Test
public void
testLogin() throws Exception {
//
TODO Auto-generated method stub
WebDriver webdriver
= new FirefoxDriver();
ReadExcelFile file
= new ReadExcelFile();
ReadObject object
= new ReadObject();
Properties
allObjects =
object.getObjectRepository();
UIOperation
operation = new UIOperation(webdriver);
//Read keyword
sheet
Sheet Sheet =
file.readExcel("C:\\DatadrivenTest\\Training\\KeywordFW\\src\\com\\testData\\","TestCase.xlsx"
, "KeywordFramework");
//Find number of
rows in excel file
int rowCount =
Sheet.getLastRowNum()-Sheet.getFirstRowNum();
//Create a loop over all the rows of
excel file to read it
for (int i = 1; i < rowCount+1; i++)
{
//Loop over all the rows
Row row = Sheet.getRow(i);
//Check if the first cell
contain a value, if yes, That means it is the new testcase name
if(row.getCell(0).toString().length()==0)
{
//Print testcase detail on
console
System.out.println(row.getCell(1).toString()+"----"+
row.getCell(2).toString()+"----"+
row.getCell(3).toString()+"----"+
row.getCell(4).toString());
//Call perform function to
perform operation on UI
operation.perform(allObjects,
row.getCell(1).toString(), row.getCell(2).toString(),
row.getCell(3).toString(),
row.getCell(4).toString());
}
else{
//Print the
new testcase name when it started
System.out.println("New
Testcase->"+row.getCell(0).toString() +" Started");
}
}
}
}
After execution, output will look like -
What
are the Libraries need to add to the under Project?
1.
Selenium Jar Files.
a.
Selenium Standalone
server
b.
Selenium Client Driver
2.
Excel reader jar files.
a.
POI jar files.
3.
Then need to place all
these libraries in one Folder named as library.
4.
Once we create a project
in Eclipse right click on JRE system Library -> configure build path->
Add External Library files-> Navigate to Library folder where all libraries
copied. Select all the libraries and click on OK button and Click on OK button.
5.
Now your project is ready
to develop the Test scripts.
6.
Now start writing the
scripts one by one as mentioned above.
Thanks You…………
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